Vital Worship
Feature Stories ... for inspiration, learning, and group discussion
 Tiny Caledonia Presbyterian Church in Vevay, Indiana, fit most of their community onto a church banner. |
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Dynamics of Congregation Size
If it seems that almost every churchgoer you know attends a large church, you might wonder why you see so many small churches.
A Congregations Magazine summary of recent research on congregation size says studies show that most congregations are small. Nearly 60% of churches have less than 100 people, including children, at a typical service.
At the same time, most churchgoers attend larger churches that draw more than 350 people to Sunday worship. In fact, half of U.S. churchgoers are concentrated in only 10% of its churches—the largest ones. The situation is similar in Canada.
Understanding how congregation size affects dynamics helps churches grow with grace.
Church size and culture
By most measures, All Nations Christian Reformed Church in Halifax, Nova Scotia, is a smaller congregation. The church directory lists less than 200 people, including children, regular attenders, and non-attending spouses of active members. The congregation has less than 80 adult professing members.
Church consultants often help pastors and members sort out congregational issues according to these church size categories:
- Family church (fewer than 50 active members): Longtime members set the direction and see the minister’s role as offering pastoral care.
- Pastoral church (50 to 150 active members): Church life revolves around relationships, with the pastor and key lay leaders at the center.
- Program church (150 to 350 active members): As the church grows too large for the senior pastor to know everybody, church programs become more important. Lay leaders or extra staff offer pastoral care.
- Corporate church (350 or more active members): People come to the church for excellent worship and excellent programs. They receive pastoral care mainly through their small group.
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These categories are based on an oft-quoted but out-of-print booklet, Sizing Up a Congregation for New Member Ministry, written by Arlin Rothauge and summarized here.
Tim Keller, pastor of Redeemer Presbyterian Church in New York City, says there is no best size for a church. However, since congregation size often determines culture more than denomination or region do, Keller suggests looking at potential blessings and pitfalls of church size.
He notes that larger churches often have “difficulty keeping track of members who begin to drop out or fall away from the faith.”
All Nations CRC is small enough to notice who’s not there. “I raised my family in this church. But after my marriage broke down, I withdrew from church. The church didn’t withdraw from me, much to my surprise. After four years I began coming to church again,” says Holly Bell, now on the worship committee.
Between sizes
Experts differ on whether church dynamics shift when regular Sunday morning attendance tops 150 or 200 or slightly more. But most agree that the hardest transition for most churches is between pastoral and program sizes.
People at All Nations CRC speak of their congregation as “personal,” “intimate,” “like a family,” “a place where you visit one Sunday and people remember your name the next week.”
They exemplify what Carl Dudley writes in Effective Small Churches in the 21st Century, “The essential character of the small church is this capacity to care about everyone personally. The small church cannot grow in membership size without giving up its most precious appeal, its intimacy.”
Before calling Dave Vroege as their pastor, the congregation overwhelmingly agreed that they wanted someone excellent in both preaching and pastoral care (see questions 9 and 10). They gave the lowest priority to calling a minister who would develop and administer programs for members and visitors.
 Fellowship at All Nations is so important at All Nations that there's a designated time for it after morning worship and before Sunday school. The fellowship time ends with a prayer. |
Ironically, playing so well to their strengths sometimes pushes Vroege and All Nations into an awkward “in between” situation.
“We used to share prayer requests in the morning. As the church got bigger, people couldn’t hear as well, so it didn’t feel as corporate,” Valerie Walker says.
Her son David, age 13, says, “I liked it when you could request prayers. Other people said it took too long.”
Elna Siebring says the congregation used to celebrate birthdays, anniversaries, and holidays together, at the church. “We don’t know everybody anymore. Not everyone gets invited to events in homes—or maybe no one notices who can’t come unless they get a ride.
“If you’re spending time with people who aren’t included, it sometimes means giving up relationships that are more comfortable,” she says.
Elder Dale Poel says, “How does worship respond to people’s needs to be enfolded? It’s an ongoing question.”
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Small and spiritually strong
Churches that compare themselves to larger congregations sometimes feel inadequate. However, as Congregations Magazine explains, research shows that congregations don’t have to be large to be spiritually strong.
What matters more is how involved people are in worship and beyond. It’s easier in larger churches to simply show up for worship and leave. In smaller churches, the need for everyone to pitch in draws people grow closer to God and each other.
All Nations belongs to a denomination that lists ten characteristics of healthy congregations. These include proclaiming God’s Word with power and integrity, receiving the gospel promises in the sacraments, promoting genuine loving fellowship, and advocating justice for the poor and the powerless. None of these depend on being a large church.
The evening service at All Nations works especially well with a small group. It’s based on lectio divina, a way of meditating with scripture, and includes monthly communion.
“With our evening worship attendance dwindling, I thought I’d try out lectio divina during evening worship in Lent. It was so popular that we’ve continued it,” Vroege says.
Evening worship happens in the cozy church library. The group is small enough for people to share prayer requests. Visitors often wander in off the street and feel comfortable to stay.
“One woman with spiritual difficulties feels most accepted in lectio divina services. She says she can’t handle morning worship,” Vroege adds.
 On Saturdays before communion Sundays, Dave, Carrie, and Lian Vroege use a simple communion preparation kit - with a candle, liturgical cloth, and devotional. Jessica Schuringa thought of and made the kits for All Nations members. |
Text by Joan Huyser-Honig
Photography by Steve Huyser-Honig
All Nations members Jane and Doug Porter have led two grant projects. They trained members young and old to read Scripture more dramatically. Doug created Awesome in Glory, a blog that inspires scripture readers. The Porters also led an adult Sunday school class in planning services for Lent and Eastertide.
Get sermon and devotional ideas from Proclaiming the Christmas Gospel: Ancient Sermons and Hymns for Contemporary Christian Inspiration by Dave Vroege and John D. Witvliet.
All Nations Christian Reformed Church builds fellowship through an annual church hike.
Want to get musically inspired and help homeless people heal in Halifax? Buy a Shining Lights CD. All Nations community networking coordinator Elna Siebring recommends the book What Every Church Member Should Know About Poverty by Bill Ehlig and Ruby Payne.
All Nations CRC learned a lot from having two members attend the triennial Street Level Conference (the next one will be March 25-29, 2009, in Ottawa, Ontario). It’s a conference for Canadian Christians working to end poverty and homelessness.
If it seems your church is changing its personality through growth or decline, then get insights from these books:
- Beyond the Ordinary: 10 Strengths of U.S. Congregations by Cynthia Woolever and Deborah Bruce is based on findings from 2,000 congregations and 50 denominations.
- Effective Small Churches in the 21st Century by Carl S. Dudley explains why small churches survive and thrive in an age of megachurches.
- The Indispensable Guide for Smaller Churches by David R. Ray profiles 20 small congregations and suggests focusing ministry on worship, education, caring, and mission
- The Myth of the 200 Barrier: How to Lead through Transitional Growth by Kevin E. Martin explains how to transform church culture during awkward transitions from smaller to larger.
- One Size Doesn’t Fit All: Bringing out the best in any size church is by Gary L. McIntosh, founder of Church Growth Network.
- Size Transitions in Congregations edited by Beth Ann Gaede builds on the family-pastoral-program-corporate model of how church size affects church culture.
- Small Congregation, Big Potential: Ministry in the Small Membership Church by Lyle Schaller deals with churches attended by only a few dozen people.
- Small, Strong Congregations: Creating Strength and Health for Your Congregation by Kennon L. Callahan gives ideas for planning inspiring worship that spills over into other services.
Read prayer requests from small churches in the Presbytery of Ohio Valley. Get inspired by signs of vitality in small churches across the U.S.
For fascinating research on religious trends in Canada, check out the work of Reginald W. Bibby, a sociologist at the University of Lethbridge in Lethbridge, Alberta.
If you agree with Richard K. Bliese’s Christian Century article on how small churches are uniquely equipped to reach the unchurched, then check out this Barna Group study on unchurched Americans
The Hartford Institute for Religious Research maintains a treasure trove about congregational research. Use the National Congregations database to create tables, such as the relationship between congregation size and numbers of people in church music groups.
Congregational Resources offers advice on church size transitions and small church vitality.
Learn more about Sustaining Congregational Excellence, a grant program for Christian Reformed churches in North America that have 100 adult professing members or less.
Browse related stories about Epiphany in missional churches, filling your life with scripture, involving more people in worship and rural churches.
Feel free to print and distribute these stories at your staff, council, worship, hospitality, or education committee meeting. These questions will get members talking about your church’s culture and characteristics:
- Is your congregation small or large compared to All Nations CRC? How is your church culture the same as or different than All Nations?
- Describe an experience that helped you see that your congregation’s size shapes what people want or expect from your pastor and your worship services.
- Is your congregation going through a size transition, either growing or declining? What worship practices are most helpful to you as your church deals with this change?
- In what ways has your congregation’s changing size affected specific worship practices? How can you give members a chance to voice their sadness, relief, or gladness about these changes?
What is the best way you’ve found to help your congregation identify opportunities and challenges related to your church size? Please write to us so we can identify trends and share your great ideas. Whether you do these or any other things, we’d love to learn what works for you:
- Did you design a project to help members improve how your church welcomes and enfolds people? If so, will you share it with us?
- As attendance grows, have you figured out how to stay connected with people on the margins, perhaps older adults and their caretakers, people with disabilities, or people with less income or education?
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This story was originally posted on February 15, 2008. External links were operative at the time the story was posted, but may have expired since then.
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This article was first published by the Calvin Institute of Christian Worship, http://www.calvin.edu/worship/stories/