Daniel C. Fisher
ABSTRACT
The Grandville mastodont, from Kent County, Michigan, has been radiocarbon
dated at 11,320 ± 140 B.P. Longitudinal sectioning of its right
tusk provides access to samples of tusk dentin formed throughout life and
exposes incremental features that allow direct correlation of annual dentin
increments among samples. Enumeration of annual increments indicates that
33 years are recorded in the tusk, providing an estimate of age at death.
Mammut americanum typically shows well developed sexual dimorphism in tusk
and body size, and the Grandville mastodont was clearly a male. A short-term
decline in the rate of increase of tusk length around age 15 may reflect
expulsion from a matriarchal family unit at the onset of sexual maturity.
Microscopic analysis of subannual incremental laminae near the tusk pulp
cavity indicates that this animal died in mid-autumn, at the end of the
fifteenth fortnight following the most recent winter-spring boundary. The
age and life history data obtained from this individual will be useful
in characterizing the population dynamics of late Pleistocene mastodonts
of the Great Lakes region and in evaluating hypotheses for their extinction.