Ground surveys collect elevation and location data for chosen locations to map topography and site characteristics. We use an electronic total station and prism to collect the survey data.

We set the total station on a tripod at an appropriate location, usually a high point which allows us to see most of the survey area. One researcher operates the total station and another researcher holds a prism at each point to be surveyed. When the total station is aimed at the prism, the total station can measure information about the relationship between the two locations, such as horizontal and slope distances and elevation differences.

We use mapping software to plot the locations and elevations of our survey points.

To compare data from sequential surveys, we survey fixed reference points (benchmarks) as part of each data set. Comparing survey data allows us to see the changes in topography that occurred between the two survey dates.