Temperature has little direct effect* on sand movement by wind, but indirectly it has great influence on dune processes. Temperature is part of local climate controls on the types of vegetation present and the length of the growing season. Below-freezing temperatures in the winter cause water to freeze in the ground (ground-freezing), at the surface (ice), on the lake (coastal ice), and in the atmosphere (snow). Rising temperatures in the spring produce melting and thawing with noticeable effects on the coastal dunes.