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The rites and mysteries of Eleusis were kept strictly secret and an initiate
could reveal nothing of the celebration of Demeter -- on pain of exile or even
death. This secrecy was supported and enforced by the Athenian State. Though
the cult of Demeter operated in Eleusis for over 2,000 years with annual
celebrations and countless initiates, this veil of secrecy still lies upon
those ancient mysteries. Portions of the initiation were held in public and
the record of these rites has been preserved, but the true mysteries of
Demeter will remain secret forever.
The cult of Demeter, of course, focused mainly upon Demeter herself as well
as her daughter Persephone (Kore). Hades (Pluto) also shared a part of the
cult's attention. The gods Iacchos and Triptolemos were also honored at
Eleusis, but do not seem to be essential to the secret rites of the cult.
The chief priest of the cult of Demeter was called the Hierophant.
Chosen from the Eumolpid family for this life time office, the Hierophant
revealed the Hiera to the initiates and was the only person allowed
into the Anaktoron of the temple. His personal assistants were the
Hierophantides. Additionally, there were many other clergy, including:
the priestess of Demeter (nearly as revered and influential as the Hierophant),
the priestesses panageis (women whose role is now unknown), the Dadouchos
(purifier of initiates and torch bearer), the Hierokeryx (the herald), and
various other lesser priests. Nearly all of these positions were held
by members of either the Eumolpid or Kerykes families. In this way,
the event of Eumolpos being the first initiate and the one who first
taught the mysteries to others was reinacted by one of his descendents
for the next 2,000 years.
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