Umm
el-Jimal
Catalogue of oil lamp fragments
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1. UJ.93.Y.6.003.1.2 (fig. 1)
- Lamp type : Jerash (zoomorphic-handle variant [?])
- Date: ca. 2nd half of 6th to 1st half of 8th c. A.D.
Stratigraphic context: Surface soil. Probe in animal pen
attached to S of house 119 against its E wall.
Description: Upper body fragment; missing zoomorphic handle (?);
medium size filling hole (est. dia. 2.2 cm) encircled by outer,
even-spaced double ridges; on narrow, steeply sloping shoulder,
consecutive radial lines in high relief; a scallop pattern between
radial lines and filling-hole ridges; a half cross (?), whose lower
quadrants each contain a raised circle with internal, well-centered
round nodules, between handle and filling hole; well-levigated clay
fabric, mould-made.
- Clay color: Munsell 10YR 5/1 gray (exposed outer surface and
cross section).
- Slip: No traces.
- Buff: No traces.
- Inclusions (grits): Gray (coarse sand; low frequency; poorly
sorted); white (coarse sand; very low frequency; poorly sorted).
- Hardness: Moh's 5.5.
- Carbon: Slight traces.
- Condition: Fair.
Parallels: Amman (Harding 1951: 12, pl. 3, no. 36), el-Bassa
(Iliffe 1934: 85, fig. 2), el-Lejjun (pers. comm. S. T. Parker),
Jerash (Day 1942: Pl. 13, nos. 1-2; pl. 14, no. 2; Goodenough
1953: Fig. 374; Da'ana 1969: Pls. 22-24; 'Oweiss 1985: 89-90,
pl. 6, nos. 2-3, 5-6; pl/ 7, nos. 8-9, 11-12; Parapetti 1986:
202, fig. 2; Schaeffer and Falkner 1986: Pl. 6.2, nos. 431,
435, 451, 457; Clark et al 1989: Pl.19, fig. 1; Kehrberg
1989: 88-89, fig. 5, nos. 24-26; Rasson and Seigne 1989: 147,
fig. 14, no. 2), Mt. Nebo (Saller 1941: Pl. 143, no. 6), Pella
(Smith 1973: 220, pls. 67, 84, no. 254; pl. 44, no. 1329;
McNicoll et al 1982: 162-163, pl. 141, no. 3; Smith
and Day 1989: Pl. 55, no. 6; pl. 60, no. 1) and unknown provenance
(Rosenthal and Sivan 1978: 139: fig. 574).
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Figure 1
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2. UJ. 93.Y.1.008.13.4 (fig. 2 [left])
- Type: Jerash (zoomorphic-handle variant [?])
- Date: Ca. 2nd half of 6th to 1st half of 8th c. A.D.
Stratigraphic context: Soil accumulation against exterior of
dismantled Byzantine partition wall. Severely ruined rooms in
SW corner of house 119, W of entry gate.
Description: Shoulder fragment with evenly spaced radial lines;
remnant of single Greek cross whose upper left quadrant contains
a circle; two prominent ridges encircle the small central filling
hole (est. dia. 1.1 cm); finely-levigated clay fabric; mouldmade.
Clay color: Munsell 5YR 5/6 yellowish red (exposed inner surface
and cross section); 5YR 6/1 gray / light gray (exposed outer
surface).
- Slip: No traces.
- Buff: No traces.
- Inclusions (grits): No apparent evidence.
- Hardness: Moh's 5.5.
- Carbon: Slight traces on body.
- Condition: Fair.
Parallels: See no. 1 above.
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Figure 2
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3.UJ.93.Y.1.002.5.1 (fig. 2 [center])
- Lamp type : Jerash (zoomorphic-handle variant [?])
- Date: Ca. 2nd half of 6th to 1st half of 8th c. A.D.
Stratigraphic context: Surface soil, severely ruined rooms
in SW corner of house 119, W of entry gate.
Description: Shoulder fragment with relatively evenly-spaced
radial lines; remnant of circle and volute or cross; finely-levigated
clay fabric; mouldmade.
- Clay color: Munsell 5YR 6/4 light reddish brown (exposed outer
surface and cross-section).
- Slip: Very slight traces (2.5YR 6/6 light red).
- Buff: No traces.
- Inclusions (grits): Gray (very fine sand; medium frequency;
relatively well sorted).
- Harness: Moh's 3.0.
- Carbon: No traces.
- Condition: Good (-).
Parallels: See no. 1 above.
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4. UJ.93.Y.4.007.8 (fig. 2 [right])
- Lamp type: Jerash (zoomorphic-handle variant [?])
- Date: Ca. 2nd half of 6th to 1st half of 8th c. A.D.
Stratigraphic context: Ash-filled cooking area, probably Abbasid
reuse of room after partial A.D. 747 earthquake collapse; probe
in S half of room C in house 119.
Description: Shoulder fragment with evenly-spaced radial lines;
remnant of volute or cross, finely-levigated, sandy clay fabric;
mouldmade.
- Clay color: Munsell 7.5YR 6/4 light brown (exposed outer surface
and cross-section).
- Slip: No traces.
- Buff: No traces.
- Condition: Fair (+).
Parallels: See no. 1 above.
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5. UJ.93.Y.9.003.10 (fig. 3)
- Lamp type: Hauranian.
- Date: Ca. 5th to early 6th c. A.D.
Stratigraphic context: Series of alternating ash and soil lenses
which collectively comprise a dump created by the cleanup of
Byzantine occupation debris in preparation for the construction
of house 119. Probe in mound S of house 119, between S wall
of animal pen and modern road.
Description: Pentagonal-haped standing handle and portions
of shoulder fragment; narrow, slightly-sloping shoulder; on
face of handle geometric pattern of inverted V-shaped ladder
pattern in high relief with irregular line of round nodules
enclosing it; above ladder, volute; below ladder, plain cone-like
device; stylized branches and vines with grape clusters; single,
finely-delineated ridge encircles medium to large filling hole
(est. dia. 2.3 cm); relatively well-sorted fabric; mouldmade.
- Clay color: Munsell 5YR 6/6 light reddish brown (exposed outer
surface and cross-section).
- Slip: Slight traces (10YR 6/6 light red).
- Buff: Slight traces around filling hole and body.
- Inclusions (grits): Gray (fine to coarse sand; low to medium
frequency; poorly sorted; white (fine to coarse sand; low frequency;
poorly sorted).
- Hardness: Moh's 2.0.
- Carbon: No traces
- Condition: Good.
Parallels: Bostra, Si'a, Suweida, Qanawat and Dera'a (Blanc
1994); Pella (Smith 1973: Pl. 84, no. 292).
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Figure 3
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6. UJ.93.Y.9.002.7 (fig. 4)
- Lamp type: Hauranian.
- Date: Ca. 5th to early 6th c. A.D.
Stratigraphic context: Dump (see no. 5 above).
Description: Upper body fragment; single, slightly-raised
ridge encircles medium-size filling hole (est. dia. 2,1 cm); edge
of left shoulder tapered; on shoulder sharply-delineated vine
decoration with random grape clusters; on nozzle and below remnants
of wick hole, two highly-stylized fowls with teacup-shaped bodies
in high relief (est. dia. .6 cm); single grape cluster between
birds; well-levigated clay fabric; mouldmade.
- Clay color: Munsell 5YR 7/6 reddish yellow (exposed outer surface
and cross-section).
- Slip: Considerable traces (10YR 5/6 red).
- Buff: Slight traces around filling hole and on body.
- Inclusions (grits): Gray (fine sand; low frequency; poorly sorted);
white (fine sand; low frequency; poorly sorted).
- Hardness: Moh's 2.5.
- Carbon: No traces.
- Condition: Good (-).
Parallels: See no. 5 above.
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Figure 4
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7. UJ.93.Y.9.002.8 (fig. 5)
- Lamp type: Hauranian.
- Date: Ca. mid-6th c. A.D.
Stratigraphic context: Dump (see no. 5 above).
Description: Narrow, steeply-sloping shoulder fragment; two consecutive,
prominent vertebrae-like bands around filling hole; below bands
series of evenly-spaced circles containing a single round nodule;
standing handle with stylized human face (large circular eyes, eyebrows,
nose, mouth, hair and beard) in high relief; single, finely-executed
ridge in high relief encircles small to medium-size filling hole
(est. dia. 1.5 cm); finely-levigated clay fabric; mouldmade.
- Clay color: Munsell 7.5YR 7/6 reddish yellow and 7.5YR 7/4 pink
(exposed outer surface and cross-section).
- Slip: Considerable traces on shoulder (10YR 6/6--6/8 light red).
- Buff: Slight traces around filling hole.
- Inclusions (grits): Gray (fine sand; very low frequency; poorly
sorted); white (fine to coarse sand; very low frequency; poorly
sorted).
- Hardness: Moh's 2.0
- Carbon: No traces.
- Condition: Poor.
Parallels: See no. 5 above.
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Figure 5
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8. UJ.93.Y.9.001.6 (fig. 6)
- Lamp type: Possibly Hauranian.
- Date: 5th to 6th c. A.D. (?).
Stratigraphic context: Dump (see no. 5 above).
Description: Narrow, slightly-sloping shoulder fragment;
stylized depiction of horse with elongated neck and body with
flagging tale; human stick figure or possible anthropomorphic
deity on top of horse; faintly-delineated saddle; reins around
the animal's neck; below figure's legs and feet, a nodule; remnants
of a medium-size filling hole (est. dia. 1.4 cm); around wick
hole and above motif, a single ridge; finely-levigated clay
fabric; mouldmade.
- Clay color: Munsell 5YR 6/4 light reddish brown (exposed outer
surface and cross-section).
- Slip: Considerable traces (10YR 6/6 light red).
- Buff: No traces.
- Inclusions (grits): Gray (fine to coarse sand; very low frequency;
poorly sorted).
- Hardness: Moh's 2.25.
- Carbon: No traces.
- Condition: Fair.
Parallels: Unknown
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Figure 6
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